/etc/apparmor.d/ e eles contém uma lista de regras de controle de acesso em recursos que cada programa pode fazer uso. Os perfis são compilados e carregados no núcleo pelo comando apparmor_parser. Cada perfil pode ser carregado tanto em modo de aplicação ("enforcing") quanto em modo de registro ("complaining"). O primeiro aplica a política e reporta as tentativas de violação, enquanto que o último não aplica a política mas mantém os registros de chamadas de sistema que deveriam ter sido negadas.
apt install apparmor apparmor-profiles apparmor-utils with root privileges.
aa-status will confirm it quickly:
#aa-statusapparmor module is loaded. 40 profiles are loaded. 23 profiles are in enforce mode. /usr/bin/evince /usr/bin/evince-previewer [...] 17 profiles are in complain mode. /usr/sbin/dnsmasq [...] 14 processes have profiles defined. 12 processes are in enforce mode. /usr/bin/evince (3462) [...] 2 processes are in complain mode. /usr/sbin/avahi-daemon (429) avahi-daemon /usr/sbin/avahi-daemon (511) avahi-daemon 0 processes are unconfined but have a profile defined.
aa-enforce e aa-complain dando como parâmetro tanto o caminho para o executável como o caminho para o arquivo de política. Adicionalmente, um perfil pode ser inteiramente desabilitado com aa-disable ou posto em modo auditar ("audit") (para aceitar chamadas de sistema também) com aa-audit.
#aa-enforce /usr/bin/pidginSetting /usr/bin/pidgin to enforce mode.#aa-complain /usr/sbin/dnsmasqSetting /usr/sbin/dnsmasq to complain mode.
aa-unconfined para listar os programas que não tem perfil associado e que expôem um soquete de rede aberto. Com a opção --paranoid você tem todos os processos não confinados que tem ao menos uma conexão de rede ativa.
#aa-unconfined801 /sbin/dhclient not confined 409 /usr/sbin/NetworkManager not confined 411 /usr/sbin/cupsd confined by '/usr/sbin/cupsd (enforce)' 429 /usr/sbin/avahi-daemon confined by 'avahi-daemon (enforce)' 516 /usr/sbin/cups-browsed confined by '/usr/sbin/cups-browsed (enforce)' 538 /usr/sbin/zebra not confined 591 /usr/sbin/named not confined 847 /usr/sbin/mysqld not confined 849 /usr/sbin/sshd not confined 1013 /usr/sbin/dhclient (/sbin/dhclient) not confined 1276 /usr/sbin/apache2 not confined 1322 /usr/sbin/apache2 not confined 1323 /usr/sbin/apache2 not confined 1324 /usr/sbin/apache2 not confined 1325 /usr/sbin/apache2 not confined 1327 /usr/sbin/apache2 not confined 1829 /usr/lib/ipsec/charon confined by '/usr/lib/ipsec/charon (enforce)' 2132 /usr/sbin/exim4 not confined 12865 /usr/bin/python3.7 (/usr/bin/python3) not confined 12873 /usr/bin/python3.7 (/usr/bin/python3) not confined
/sbin/dhclient. For this we will use aa-genprof dhclient. On Debian Buster, there is a known bug (https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=928160) that makes the previous command may fail with the following error: ERROR: Include file /etc/apparmor.d/local/usr.lib.dovecot.deliver not found. To fix it create the missing files with touch file. It will invite you to use the application in another window and when done to come back to aa-genprof to scan for AppArmor events in the system logs and convert those logs into access rules. For each logged event, it will make one or more rule suggestions that you can either approve or further edit in multiple ways:
#aa-genprof dhclientWriting updated profile for /usr/sbin/dhclient. Setting /usr/sbin/dhclient to complain mode. Before you begin, you may wish to check if a profile already exists for the application you wish to confine. See the following wiki page for more information: https://gitlab.com/apparmor/apparmor/wikis/Profiles Profiling: /usr/sbin/dhclient Please start the application to be profiled in another window and exercise its functionality now. Once completed, select the "Scan" option below in order to scan the system logs for AppArmor events. For each AppArmor event, you will be given the opportunity to choose whether the access should be allowed or denied. [(S)can system log for AppArmor events] / (F)inish Reading log entries from /var/log/syslog. Updating AppArmor profiles in /etc/apparmor.d. Profile: /usr/sbin/dhclientExecute: /usr/sbin/dhclient-script Severity: unknown (I)nherit / (C)hild / (P)rofile / (N)amed / (U)nconfined / (X) ix On / (D)eny / Abo(r)t / (F)inish
PShould AppArmor sanitise the environment when switching profiles? Sanitising environment is more secure, but some applications depend on the presence of LD_PRELOAD or LD_LIBRARY_PATH. (Y)es / [(N)o]YWriting updated profile for /usr/sbin/dhclient-script. Complain-mode changes: Profile: /usr/sbin/dhclientCapability: net_raw Severity: 8 [1 - capability net_raw,] [(A)llow] / (D)eny / (I)gnore / Audi(t) / Abo(r)t / (F)inish
AAdding capability net_raw to profile. Profile: /sbin/dhclient Capability: net_bind_service Severity: 8 [1 - #include <abstractions/nis> ] 2 - capability net_bind_service, (A)llow / [(D)eny] / (I)gnore / Audi(t) / Abo(r)t / (F)inishAAdding #include <abstractions/nis> to profile. Profile: /usr/sbin/dhclientPath: /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf New Mode: owner r Severity: 2 [1 - #include <abstractions/lightdm>] 2 - #include <abstractions/openssl> 3 - #include <abstractions/ssl_keys> 4 - owner /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf r, (A)llow / [(D)eny] / (I)gnore / (G)lob / Glob with (E)xtension / (N)ew / Audi(t) / (O)wner permissions off / Abo(r)t / (F)inish
2Profile: /usr/sbin/dhclient Path: /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf New Mode: owner r Severity: 2 1 - #include <abstractions/lightdm> [2 - #include <abstractions/openssl>] 3 - #include <abstractions/ssl_keys> 4 - owner /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf r, [(A)llow] / (D)eny / (I)gnore / (G)lob / Glob with (E)xtension / (N)ew / Abo(r)t / (F)inish / (M)oreA[...] Profile: /usr/sbin/dhclient-scriptPath: /usr/bin/dash New Mode: owner r Severity: unknown [1 - #include <abstractions/lightdm>] 2 - #include <abstractions/ubuntu-browsers.d/plugins-common> 3 - owner /usr/bin/dash r, (A)llow / [(D)eny] / (I)gnore / (G)lob / Glob with (E)xtension / (N)ew / Audi(t) / (O)wner permissions off / Abo(r)t / (F)inish
AAdding #include <abstractions/lightdm> to profile. Deleted 2 previous matching profile entries. = Changed Local Profiles = The following local profiles were changed. Would you like to save them? [1 - /usr/sbin/dhclient] 2 - /usr/sbin/dhclient-script (S)ave Changes / Save Selec(t)ed Profile / [(V)iew Changes] / View Changes b/w (C)lean profiles / Abo(r)tSWriting updated profile for /usr/sbin/dhclient. Writing updated profile for /usr/sbin/dhclient-script. Profiling: /usr/sbin/dhclient Please start the application to be profiled in another window and exercise its functionality now. Once completed, select the "Scan" option below in order to scan the system logs for AppArmor events. For each AppArmor event, you will be given the opportunity to choose whether the access should be allowed or denied. [(S)can system log for AppArmor events] / (F)inishFReloaded AppArmor profiles in enforce mode. Please consider contributing your new profile! See the following wiki page for more information: https://gitlab.com/apparmor/apparmor/wikis/Profiles Finished generating profile for /usr/sbin/dhclient.
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O primeiro evento detectado é a execução de outro programa. Neste caso, você tem múltiplas escolhas: você pode rodar o programa com o perfil do processo pai (a escolha “Inherit”), você pode rodá-lo com seu próprio e dedicado perfil (as escolhas “Profile” e “Named”, diferindo apenas pela possibilidade de usar um nome de perfil arbitrário), você pode rodá-lo com um sub-perfil do processo pai (a escolha “Child”), você pode rodá-lo sem qualquer perfil (a escolha “Unconfined”) ou você pode decidir não rodá-lo de forma alguma (a escolha “Deny”).
Note que quando você opta por rodá-lo sob um perfil dedicado que não existe ainda, a ferramenta irá criar o perfil em falta para você e irá fazer sugestões de regras para esse perfil nesta mesma execução.
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A nível do kernel, os poderes especiais do usuário root foram divididos em "recursos" ("capabilities"). Quando uma chamada de sistema requer um recurso específico, o AppArmor irá verificar se o perfil permite ao programa fazer uso desse recurso.
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Here the program seeks read permissions for /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf. aa-genprof detected that this permission was also granted by multiple “abstractions” and offers them as alternative choices. An abstraction provides a reusable set of access rules grouping together multiple resources that are commonly used together. In this specific case, the file is generally accessed through the nameservice related functions of the C library and we type “2” to first select the “#include <abstractions/openssl>” choice and then “A” to allow it.
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Notice that this access request is not part of the dhclient profile but of the new profile that we created when we allowed /usr/sbin/dhclient-script to run with its own profile.
Após termos passado por todos os eventos registrados, o programa se oferece para salvar todos os perfis que foram criados durante sua execução. Neste caso, nós temos dois perfis que nós salvamos ao mesmo tempo com "Salvar" (“Save”) (mas você pode salvá-los individualmente também) antes de sair do programa com "Terminar" (“Finish”).
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aa-genprof é na realidade apenas um envoltório inteligente em volta do aa-logprof: ele cria um perfil vazio, carrega-o em modo de registro ("complain mode") e então roda o aa-logprof que é uma ferramenta para atualizar um perfil com base nas violações de perfil que foram registradas. Então você pode rodar novamente essa ferramenta mais tarde para aprimorar o perfil que você acabou de criar.
/etc/apparmor.d/usr.sbin.dhclient close to this:
# Last Modified: Fri Jul 5 00:51:02 2019
#include <tunables/global>
/usr/sbin/dhclient {
#include <abstractions/base>
#include <abstractions/nameservice>
capability net_bind_service,
capability net_raw,
/bin/dash r,
/etc/dhcp/* r,
/etc/dhcp/dhclient-enter-hooks.d/* r,
/etc/dhcp/dhclient-exit-hooks.d/* r,
/etc/resolv.conf.* w,
/etc/samba/dhcp.conf.* w,
/proc/*/net/dev r,
/proc/filesystems r,
/run/dhclient*.pid w,
/sbin/dhclient mr,
/sbin/dhclient-script rCx,
/usr/lib/NetworkManager/nm-dhcp-helper Px,
/var/lib/NetworkManager/* r,
/var/lib/NetworkManager/*.lease rw,
/var/lib/dhcp/*.leases rw,
owner /etc/** mrwk,
owner /var/** mrwk,
owner /{,var/}run/** mrwk,
}
/etc/apparmor.d/usr.sbin.dhclient-script might be similar to this:
# Last Modified: Fri Jul 5 00:51:55 2019
#include <tunables/global>
/usr/sbin/dhclient-script {
#include <abstractions/base>
#include <abstractions/bash>
#include <abstractions/lightdm>
}